公民社会紧急呼吁采取措施保护面临遣返危机的维吾尔人
2022年6月17日
在2022世界难民日即将来临之际,由22个难民及人权组织和50个维吾尔人组织共同呼吁各国政府和国际组织采取紧急步骤保护面临极大遣返危机的维吾尔及其他突厥人群。当暴行在中国维吾尔地区发生之际——包括大规模拘押、强制劳动、酷刑折磨——中国境外维吾尔人,包括人权捍卫者,持续面临难于得到国际社会提供保障及遣返危机。
维吾尔人,逐渐被认定为是在自己家园面临迫害的特定社团,然而,海外维吾尔人面临跨国迫害却鲜有人知。未能在第三国获得正式安置的维吾尔人时刻面临被拘押和遣返危机;很多维吾尔人,在中国当局要求下,遭遇了所在地当局的骚扰和威胁,一些人被长期拘押。
当获得国际保护如联合国最高难民署之保护受限之时,跨国迫害在震慑人权活动同时,对行使个人权利构成威胁,包括不被酷刑折磨、不受非人道待遇和非人待遇之权利。
要保证面临危机的维吾尔人及其他突厥裔并为其提供适当保护,应立即采取步骤。重要的是,获得保护不应该因缺失文件而受阻。我们呼吁:
- 各国政府对可能面临遣返危机地区实施预防性的积极安置项目,并对可能的立即遣返采取紧急警示措施;
- 各国政府必须拒绝使维吾尔人处于被遣返危机的针对维吾尔人的刑事合作要求,确保维吾尔及其他突厥裔,不因中国当局滥用国际分享数据而面临危机并获得有效保护;
- 通过决议谴责针对维吾尔人及其他突厥裔恶意侵犯人权的各国议会委员会,发起对跨国迫害的调查,并与公民社会团体就此步骤展开合作,且:
- 联合国最高难民署继续登记亟需国际保护维吾尔人,并针对遭遇中国系统性迫害团体,如维吾尔人及其他突厥裔社团,发布不得遣返指导。
二十多年来,在中国境外的维吾尔人,一直面临中国当局施压下被外国政府拘押并被强制遣返中国。研究表明,超过1500 多名维吾尔人,包括很多人权捍卫者,被拘押、或被强制遣返中国面临监禁、酷刑折磨。
2016年起,中国政府强化了对维吾尔人和其他突厥裔的迫害,并开始了大规模无端抓捕,对其实施迫害性的,包括禁止宗教信仰,使用维吾尔语和文化实践、政府支持下的强制劳动、监禁、强制节育和生育控制政策。
对维吾尔人的迫害针对其族裔身份和宗教信仰,同时许多案件证实,拘押和监禁也以和国外的联系为依据。在海外工作或学习过的维吾尔人——甚至那些和在海外亲人或朋友联系过的——也作为了拘押对象。全部被遣返回中国的维吾尔人和其他突厥裔都面临极大迫害危险已是众所周知的事实。
不予遣返原则,对各国政府,无论其是否签署通过了难民公约,都具约束力;该公约正式规定,任何可能遣返后面临迫害、酷刑、非人道蹂躏或其他人权侵犯的个人不得被遣返。
在国际难民日,我们不忘于1951年通过,至今由149个国家签署的《难民国际公约》,是为了应对二战期间的强制流放和遣返暴行。国际社会必须履行其所承诺基本原则,并尽义务保护在其家园遭遇大规模暴行的维吾尔人。任何被遣返维吾尔人都面临危险;需要采取紧急措施保护维吾尔人。
联署名单:
- Alberta Uyghur Association
- AMERA International
- Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network (APRRN)
- ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights (APHR)
- Asylum Seeker Resource Centre
- Australian East Turkestan Association
- Australian Uyghur Association
- Australian Uyghur Tangritagh Women’s Association
- Austria Uyghur Association
- 比利时维吾尔协会
- Boat People SOS
- Campaign for Uyghurs
- The Center for Uyghur Studies
- The Center for Victims of Torture
- Church World Service (CWS)
- Committee for Religious Freedom in Vietnam
- Dutch Uyghur Human Rights Foundation
- 东突厥斯坦教育与团结协会
- East Turkestan Union of Muslim Scholars
- East Turkistan Nuzugum Culture and Family Association
- European East Turkistan Education Association
- European Uyghur Institute
- 加拿大东突厥斯坦协会
- 欧州东突厥斯坦联盟
- Eastern Turkistan Foundation
- Fair Trials
- Finnish Uyghur Culture Center
- Global Center for the Responsibility to Protect
- Global Legal Action Network (GLAN)
- HIAS
- ILPA (Immigration Law Practitioners’ Association)
- International Pen Uyghur Center
- International Refugee Assistance Project (IRAP)
- Isa Yusup Alptekin Foundation
- 日本维吾尔协会
- Jubilee Campaign USA
- Lawyers for Uyghur Rights
- MENA Rights Group
- Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies (MIGS)
- 挪威维吾尔委员会
- Refugee Congress
- Refugees International
- RefugePoint
- René Cassin
- 保护卫士
- Satuq Bugrakhan Foundation of Science and Civilization
- Society Union of Uyghur National Association
- Stop Uyghur Genocide
- Sweden Uyghur Union
- Swiss Uyghur Association
- Uighur Society of the Kyrgyz Republic
- Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation
- 美国维吾尔协会
- Uyghur Academy Australia
- Uyghur Academy Canada
- Uyghur Academy Europe
- Uyghur Academy Foundation
- Uyghur Academy Japan
- Uyghur Academy USA
- Uyghur Center for Human Rights and Democracy
- Uyghur Cultural and Education Union in Germany
- 维吾尔人权项目
- Uyghur Projects Foundation
- Uyghur Refugee Relief Fund
- Uyghur Research Institute
- 维吾尔权利倡导项目
- Uyghur U.K. Association
- Uyghur Youth Union in Kazakhstan
- 维多利亚维吾尔人协会
- 世界维吾尔大会
- 世界维吾尔代表大会
Further sources on transnational repression:
Beyond Silence: Collaboration Between Arab States and China in the Transnational Repression of Uyghurs, Uyghur Human Rights Project (2022)
“Your Family Will Suffer”: How China is Hacking, Surveilling, and Intimidating Uyghurs in Liberal Democracies, Uyghur Human Rights Project and Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs (2022)
Involuntary Returns – report exposes long-arm policing overseas, Safeguard Defenders (2022)
Returned Without Rights, State of Extraditions to China, Safeguard Defenders (2022)
Hide and seek: China’s extradition problem. A manual to counter extradition to China, Safeguard Defenders (2022)
Refugee Espionage: An EU Model, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation, (February 28, 2022)
Saudi Arabia: UN experts say Uyghurs must not be extradited to China, urge proper risk assessment, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (April 1, 2022)
China’s long arm: how Uyghurs are being silenced in Europe, Index On Censorship (2022)
Compromised Space: Foreign State Reprisals against Unrepresented Diplomats in Europe, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (April 2021)
Morocco: UN experts say extradition of Uyghur asylum seeker to China violates principle of non-refoulement, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (December 16, 2021)
“They Sent Her to a Concentration Camp Because She Came to Turkey”: The Persecution of Uyghurs Based on their Turkic and Muslim Identity, Uyghur Human Rights Project (2021)
“Nets Cast from the Earth to the Sky”: China’s Hunt for Pakistan’s Uyghurs, Uyghur Human Rights Project and Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs (2021)
No Space Left to Run: China’s Transnational Repression of Uyghurs, Uyghur Human Rights Project and Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs (2021)
The Nightmare of Uyghur Families Separated by Repression, Amnesty International (2021)
“Break Their Lineage, Break Their Roots”: China’s Crimes against Humanity Targeting Uyghurs and Other Turkic Muslims, Human Rights Watch (2021)
Chinese authorities accused of intimidating Uyghurs in Australia, ABC News, March 30, 2019
Compromised Space: Bullying and Blocking at the UN Human Rights Mechanisms, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (July 2019)
即将发生的事件
「新疆公安档案」究竟揭示了什么:这一年来对海外维吾尔人的影响
加入维吾尔人权项目的线上活动,讨论「新疆公安档案」的揭露以及这一年来对海外维吾尔人的影响。这些档案与其中展示的证据,将中国政府对不论老幼的无辜维吾尔人执行的任意拘留行动展现给世人所见。