我未曾理解國際母語日

Poster IMLD (web)

2022-02-22 05:00:00
塔什肯.多萊特(Tashken Davlet), 維吾爾人權項目(UHRP)外展專員

在臺灣長大的我,感覺一輩子都在說國語(又稱漢語、華語、普通話)。年幼無知時,我認定語言的重要性在於溝通;作為人們交換訊息和想法的工具,最被廣泛接受和使用的語言就是人們最應該學習使用的。

本文作者塔什肯・多莱特(Tashken Davlet)

本文作者塔什肯・多莱特 (Tashken Davlet)

但觀察我祖父母使用多種語言的不同情境與情緒後,我感受到語言的深奧不僅於此。

語言可以伴隨情感。當我的家人使用臺灣閩南語(又稱臺語)時,我總能從中感受到難以言喻的親切感。這是個當你被家人環繞時所使用的語言,溫暖的關懷建構出了我對這個語言的感受。

語言也是一種羈絆,與特定的時代記憶連結。當老一輩的臺灣人使用日語時,我能感受到獨特的歸屬感,這是個與外來侵略者、殖民主義,以及世界大戰有關的語言。

很不幸的,語言也能作為壓迫的工具。當臺灣人使用國語時,這個語言總被和專業生活、經濟成長和高階教育連結,但這個語言同時也讓人們回憶起國民政府的白色恐怖以及世界上最久的戒嚴時期之一。

從過往諸多政權的語言壓迫政策,到當今的自由民主社會,臺灣經歷了許多成長和轉折。現在當人們搭上公共運輸服務時,都可以聽到相關服務廣播都使用至少三種臺灣社會最廣泛使用的語言:國語、臺灣閩南語以及臺灣客家語。

語言承載著文化重量,人們的生活方式鑲嵌在他們的語言中。語言和使用者共同成長,講述鄉土的故事。語言就像是一種人類集體創作的藝術。

我相信自由的學習與使用語言不應該是個特權而是基本權利。但當我在自由地享受語言的美好時,我知道不是所有人都像我一樣幸運。就像是老一輩的臺灣人,他們經歷日本殖民時期的皇民化運動和國民政府的戒嚴時期。

世人皆知中國共產黨是一個高壓獨裁政權,尤其是近期對消除異議與全面掌控的偏執已經達到了種族滅絕的程度。回首歷史,我相信「包容性」正是讓文明強盛的關鍵,但我們今日所見的中國,日益強調整齊劃一且充斥著拒絕多樣性的氛圍。

我有幸能體驗到維吾爾語言、藝術和文化的美麗之處,這個文化既優雅且深刻,我認識的維吾爾人皆引以為傲。但我認為要真正的了解這個文化並傳承身分認同的火炬,語言是最重要的工具。我擔心正在維吾爾家園發生的種族滅絕與文化破壞會讓這個美麗的瑰寶消失。

我希望為那些不能自由地說自己的語言、不能發表自己的想法、甚至面對更嚴重迫害的人而戰。我希望國際母語日不僅是人們對「語言」這種優美藝術的慶祝,更是呼籲世人為那些被剝奪如此珍寶的人而戰的團結號召!

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Mother Language Day is a novel thing for me.

By Tashken Davlet

I grew up in Taiwan and spoke only Mandarin for most of my life. When I was younger, I assumed the importance of language is to communicate, to exchange thoughts with other people, so whichever language that is used the most should be the one that we learn and use.

Then from observing my grandparents speak multiple languages, I learned that languages are more than that.

Languages possess sentimental value. When my family speaks in Taiwanese Hokkien, it goes with the feeling of intimacy, the feeling when you’re surrounded by family members and the warmth of their caring.

Languages can be a bond among those who share memories of a certain era. When the older Taiwanese people speak in Japanese, there’s this unique feeling of belonging. It’s a language of foreign invasion, colonialism, and a World War.

Languages can indeed be used as a tool of oppression. When we speak Mandarin in Taiwan, it’s the language of the professional side of life, of economic growth, of higher education, but it also tells the history of one of the world’s longest martial law periods under the Kuomintang.

From all the oppressive language policies of different historic regimes, to the free country that it is today, Taiwan has come a long way. Nowadays when one gets on board our public transport services, you can hear the broadcast in at least three languages that are most used in our society: Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien, and Taiwanese Hakka.

Languages carry the weight of their respective cultures, the way of living for those who use them. And they evolve with the people, with the land and their stories. It’s like a collective art of humankind.

I believe it shouldn’t be a privilege but rather a right to learn and speak whatever language you want. But as I’m enjoying my linguistic freedom, I know others are not so lucky, just like the older generation of Taiwanese people who have been through the Kōminka movement (Japanization) and the following martial law period.

It should be no news that the Chinese Communist Party is an oppressive regime, and its campaign to seize total control and mute different opinions has reached a genocidal level. Looking back at history, I believe inclusiveness is what makes a civilization strong, but the China we see today has an atmosphere of increasing uniformity and rejection of diversity.

I’ve glimpsed the beauty of the Uyghur language, art and culture. It’s a graceful and well-developed culture, and it’s something the Uyghur people take pride in. But to truly understand the Uyghur culture and pass on the torch of identity, language is the most vital tool. I fear the genocide and cultural destruction targeting Uyghurs is on track to rob the world of an invaluable treasure.

I wish to fight for those who cannot speak their language freely, who cannot speak in their own voice, and face even worse oppression. Let Mother Language Day be not only a celebration of this beautiful art of ours but also a rallying cry to join the fight for those who are stripped of such beauty!